BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Developing countries'' governments face challenges in Municipal solid waste collection, such as rapidly increased volume of waste, physical and social obstacles to collection routes, or funding shortages. The lack of practical evaluation of the waste collection performance is considered a gap in improving the waste collection system in these countries. This study aims to assess the efficiency of current Municipal solid waste collection by analyzing Operational data that can help enhance the collection.METHODS: The geographical information system and the geographical position system data of all active trucks were collected for 14 consecutive days using the digital map. Data on waste volume collected by trucks, waste volume at collection points, and Operational time of trucks throughout a working day were collected by survey. The Operational efficiency indicators, including the deadhead rate, waste collected per distance unit, stopping time rate, and costs, are estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of Municipal solid waste collection services.FINDINGS: The results indicate that solid waste collection efficiency of 1.67 tons/kilometers is low for high-density population areas. The deadheading rate of approximately 20 percent shows that the collection route operated by drivers is meandering and inefficient. Although using small trucks (6–7 tons) for transporting waste to landfills over a long distance is inefficient, small vehicles are used more than large ones. Ineffective utilization of transfer stations could lead to high idle time, accounting for approximately 37.6 percent of a collection trip. The regulated estimating method for transportation costs is not comprehensively developed, which may cause mistakes in choosing collection vehicles for operation and transfer station usage.CONCLUSION: The research findings assess the performance and identify ineffective factors that require improvement of waste collection, aiming to enhance the solid waste management system. Waste collection routes of Hoan Kiem district must be designed using empirical data. The distance-based coefficients should be developed for all collection vehicles with different loading capacities to better estimate collection and transportation costs in Hanoi, helping decision-makers utilize the current transfer station more effectively and appropriately in choosing collection vehicles for operation.

Introduction: Cities have become central to ensuring a sustainable future. Many Cities employ strategic spatial Planning, a transformative and integrative public-sector-led activity, to create a coherent spatial development strategy in order to pursue sustainable development. Due to its encompassing, cross-sectoral qualities, urban Planning science is expected to strengthen nature-related aspects of urban Planning. This article is focused around a discussion of the nature of strategic spatial Planning, as exemplified in the Planning literature, and as an example, from Ardakan Municipality. Method: This paper aims to develop a strategic plan for the Ardakan city and Operational plan of the Ardakan Municipality of Fars province. The method of explaining the subject is descriptive-analytic and strategic Planning. The analytical unit of Ardakan in Fars province, the statistical population of the study is urban civil engineering experts on the one hand (as a think tank workshop), and citizens of Ardakan city on the other hand. A total of 19 experts were selected by the targeted sampling method and 150 citizens were randomly selected and separate questionnaires were distributed among them. In different stages of strategic Planning to Operational Planning (landscape development and project extraction), comparative analysis methods (analysis and comparison of the city per capita with neighboring cities (, Oregon vision, the formation of panels for extracting strategies and goals, SWOT analysis has been used. Conclusion: The citychr('39')s strategic plan includes the development of a 20-years vision based on those four five-year plans. The prospect of goals and the target of the wisdom are tailored to the outlook. Extracting strategies are in six areasof social and cultural, economic, environmental, urban and institutional, physical, spatial and tourism. The Operational plan for the years 1402-1398 includes 44 plans corresponding to 10 projects with the proposed amount of 168, 800, 000, 000 Rails.

Citizens' involvement in the Planning process has undeniable positive results. In recent years, the issue of citizen participation in Planning has been given much attention in most countries and efforts have been made to enable public participation in various levels of Planning and decision-making. The role of neighborhood management should be considered by stakeholders in the field of urban management to organize social participation in urban neighborhoods and consequently neighborhood-based Planning. This article discusses the impact of participation as a tool in strengthening the Planning process. This study was conducted to investigate the role of participatory Planning as a model for effective Planning in Municipalities and also to pay attention to this type of Planning as a tool for empowering citizens. . This study was conducted to investigate the role of participatory Planning as a model for effective Planning in Municipalities and also to pay attention to this type of Planning as a tool for empowering citizens. The purpose of this study is to provide mechanisms for neighborhood management plan to ensure its success in attracting citizen participation for participatory Planning in Municipalities. In this research, articles, reports, regulations related to the subject and also interviews with deputy mayors of some areas of Tehran have been used. Increasing urban growth and development, citizens' satisfaction with urban management, increasing trust in urban management are the results of research findings This shows that creating a formal, legal and effective structure in the conclusions of district managers can play an important role in involving citizens in the city administration, and this partnership can play a role as a tool for decision-making. In this study, the characteristics of people who can be effective in the decision-making process are also mentioned. In the end, it was found that participatory Planning and attention to the neighborhood house and creating an effective formal structure for it can lead to people's satisfaction and increase trust in urban management, increase growth and speed of urban development.

This paper describes a study of Operational parameters by using the multivariate data analysis and neural networks for a Municipal waste incinerator located in Majorca (Spain). The basis of the study also includes the chemo metric techniques: linear multivariate regression to develop a model with certain predictive capabilities; linear principal component analysis, which allow the number of variables to be reduced from 17 to 4, thus fostering visualization in a low-dimension space; and linear discriminant analysis to categorize plant data according to the month (probability » 70%). Neural network predictive capability was good, with relative errors around 6-8%. These techniques allow all the variables to be analysed simultaneously and focus on the variables which have a significant impact. In this way, the interrelationships between sets of variables, causal relations among input/output variables, seasonal motivated deviations as well as observation variations have been identified.

Weather based power curtailments have a huge share in total customers outage. Hence, reliable-affordable exploitation of networks during the adverse weather condition is one grid operator’s main issue. This article addresses an approach for optimal Operational by considering dynamic line outages rate during extreme weather condition. In this paper, resiliency modification is accomplished by probing influences of weather condition on line outages using embedded sources, power storages and feeder topology reconfiguration. This work addresses objectives associated with resiliency issue in order to minimize total operation cost from distribution Company’s viewpoint, reduce amount of outages and maximize private sector’s benefits by probing weather changes during Operational time interval. In this regard, a multi-objective optimization problem including both economic and resiliency targets is proposed to model the behavior of distribution company and private sector. Also, a benefit sharing mechanism is applied to increase synergistic integration between these players. A hybrid genetic- ɛ constraint strategy employing fuzzy decision maker is applied to achieve optimum Pareto-front solution based on fair profit sharing. Results proves that the proposed method increase profits for all players due to reduction in energy not supplied penalty cost as well as it enhance resiliency during adverse weather conditions.

Power system flexibility is an important characteristic in both power system Planning and operation, which should be evaluated and maintained in the desired value. On the other hand, more renewable energy integration leads to increasing uncertainty and variability in the power system. Therefore, the power system should have the sufficient ability to overcome the adverse effects of uncertainty and variability named as flexibility, which should be improved by suitable tools such as adequate reserve, fast ramp up/down generation sources and suitable energy storage capacity. Power system flexibility evaluation is the main task that needs suitable indices to indicate the level of system flexibility correctly. In the current paper, a well-known system flexibility index named normalized flexibility index, which is used for power system Planning horizon is modified to use for the Operational Planning time zone. In this concept, the flexibility index is separated into two components, each of them indicating the ability of the power system to withstand upward/downward net-load uncertainty and variability. In the further, this is shown these two components are the same as the upward/downward system reserve and can be converted to economic value simply. So, this concept facilitates the economic trade-off between operation cost and system flexibility, improving cost to achieve the best level of system flexibility.